David Gauntlett on representation and identity (2002): “identity is complicated; it is not fixed and representations are rarely binary; they change fluidly”. E.g. Gone too far: yemi’s identity is complicated. British Nigerian, throughout the film he begins to accept his cultural identity.
David Gauntlett’s Media Studies 2.0
(2006)
“Media Studies today is shaped by new and converging media
industries. The old distinction between audience and producer is blurred, with
audience as participator”. Now the audience controls the media. Everything is more
accessible. Much more media.
Audience make
the media. And challenge media representation
“Since the audience is now participator
and media expert, they have control over the message, not
big institutions” (Web 2.0).
We can use this media to challenge representation.
-Levi-Strauss’
(1973) binary oppositions are concerned with a tension between two
opposing characters. Muslims are seen as the 'alien' or bad.
E.g. White/black, men/women,
masculine/feminine,
old/young.
Few neutral binary oppositions
(relations
of power)
Dominant/ other
White/black,
Men/women,
Masculine/feminine,
British/alien:
different culture/customs. The ‘other’
Binary
oppositions exist.
Hall focuses on representations of
black, Asian and minority ethnic groups in the media. “BME people are usually represented as the
other”.
Negative connotations
The media represent these groups as under privileged and isolated. Hall states historically minority
groups are always shown as outsiders ‘alien’.
hegemony is Before, it was the norm the women had to stay at home and cook and clean
Hybridity is when new identities are formed
europe looked at the world in a negative way from the times of colonialism. the negative representation of muslims began during these times
